Improvement in steam-hammers



, ITita-iisd gittata OSCAR c. EEREIS AND FREDERICK D. MILES, or PHILADELPHIA, PENN- SYLVANIA.

Letters .Patent No. 104,948, lated .T uly '5, 1870.

mnovnunu'r :Neuem-Hammam. e

The Schedule referred to in those latten Patent und making part of thc me To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, OSCAR O. Filmus and FRED- Eurex B. MILES, of Philadelphia, lin the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and improvedteam-Hammcr; and we do hereby declare that the followin` is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing forming part of this specification.

'.lhis invention relates to certain improvementsin the construction of the frame and valve-gear of steamhammers which are used in the original, manufacture, and in the subsequent forging'ot iron and steel, The

object of the invention is to simplify the construction, and at the same time increase the efficiency of the steam-hammer, and to thereby facilitate the handling. of the same in every respect.'

In the accompanying drawing.- Figure 1 represents a front elevation, partly in section, of our improved steam-hammer. .Figure 2 is ehorizontal section of the saine.

Figure 3 is a detail side view of a modilied coustruction of valve-gear.

Figure 4 is a detail top view of the salue.' Figure 5 is o side view of another modified construction of thc valve-gear.

Similar lettels of reference indicate corresponding The steam-hammer'herein referred to is of a class generally known as hammers with guides, although it possesses the advantages of` the no-guide or open system.

v Our invention consists, fiistbin setting the ram or drop A obliquely into the frame or guide B. Hel-etofore the rams are eet atwise or parallel with the faces of the frames, and guided by ribs and grooves. vAs for many purposes it is necessary to employ diagonal l or skew dies, whose corners, however, must fallV within the lower face of the ram, it is evidentthat but proportionately small diescan be used, whereas a large die or bitesurface is a very important desideratum in steam-hammers. By fitting the ram diagonally, or on a skew, into the frame, as is clearly shown in iig. 2, the above diiiicnlties are entirely overcome.

, The crosectiou of the ram is oblong, as usual, and a plain oblong die, C, of the full size and shape of the end of the ram can, therefore, be keyed to it, and will pass up through the guides.' This gives at once `the required skew-die, besides aordiog the amples extent of die-surface for any operation that can be rforrned under the hammer. The ram need only` ,gz'modc of the breadthnnd width of the largest die,

consequently it can he made much longer than usual, without exceeding the proper weight, and gives, therefore, a longer bearing on the guides. The lat-ter may,v

therefore, be put much higher than usual, (see fig. 1,) leaving,r the working-space as unobstructed as in the Ixo-guide system.

'lhc anvil D is set at right angles to the ram, to support the lower die E parallel to the'same, as shown. It will be seen that thus the greatest length of the die E is equal to the width of the anvil.

Our invention aiso'consists in the arrangement of a new and simple valve-gear. The same is chiey operatedby 'a rock-lever or bell-crank, F, which is.`

pivoted to the" frame B, and which has onearm, a, connected by means of two, more or less, links, b h, with the crank-spindle G of the valve, and by one or more links, c,with a hand-lever, H, that is pivoted to the face or side, of the frame.

The valve regulates, by its position, the admission and the amount of steam let into the cylinder I, in

which the piston, which is, byu rod, J, connected with the ram, .moves lup and down.

'.lhc arm a of the bell-crank F rests lightly against .the face' of the ram, but it is not attached thereto.

Ou-tlxc face of t-he ram is formed, either at the bottom of a groove, e, as in fig. 1, or directly, as in tige. 3 and 5, an inclinedI face, f, which is in immediate contact with the arm a, and which, driving thc reciprocating motion of the mm, causes the bell-crank to swing on its pivot.

The valve is perfectly balanced. Ita weight, and that of the links b, resting upon the horizontal crm a, hold the vertical arm d against the inclined pluncf of the ram.

It' these should not snlee, un additional weight, g,

may be employed, as indicated in figs. 3 and 4, or a spring can be used, if desired, or a rod, i, having a, piston that works in a cylinder, l, as in iig. 5, may be employed to form an sir-cushion to retard the motion of Athe valve, or an adjustable friction-clamp or stuifing-box may be used', which, by rubbing agcinstsome moving part oi' thcvalve-gear, will delay the descent of the valve.

By means of the levcr B', the position of the valve can be regulated by hand when desired, and also thev stroke of the bell-crank, which is adjusted in accordance with thereqnisite' thickness Vof the forging. For'the latter purpocethe lever can be locked inV any desired positionv by means of a pin, h, or its equivathe force of the top steam. Again the ram can be raised to the very top of the stroke, held there as long as desired,theuhrought downgentiy or violently, as preferred, and, by a slight motion, set up again. Any desired number of blows can he struck all alike, or cach can be varied at will. The apparatus is always in gear for self-acting, as well as hand-adjustment.

'lhe following is the self-acting operation.

When the steam is turned on, the hammer rises and swings the bell-crank by means of its inclined planef, the bell-crank shifting the valve. The position of the' hand-lever determining at what point the steam 'is reversed from below to above the piston. The ram is now forced down by the 'top steam, while the valve has only its own weight, and that of the links b, Sac., to lower it. But this weight is partly eounterbalanced by that of the vertical arm d, and thus the descent of the valve is more or less delayed. 'lhe ram thus gets the start of the vaive,and strikes the anvil before steam gets under the piston.

'Figures 6 and 7 represent vertical sections of the steam-cylinder and valve-chest, and show their connection with the valvemperating mechanism.

-A represents the slide-valve operated by cran'k G. The throw of this crank is regulated by the toggle- :u'ms b b. According as these arms'approximate a coincidence in direction, or lie in the same straight line, is the upward throw increased, and 'vice tersa.

Again, the relative position of these two arms is graduated by the lever H and link C. It' the lever H is placed in posit-ion, as shown in fig. 6, the slide-valve will assume the position shown by 'dotted lines when the hammer` rises to its highest point.

Fig. 6 shows hand-lever nearly at the bottom of iis guide-bar, when, by lengthening the connecting-rod, the position of the valve is altered with relation to the piston, so that the valve is reversed muchsooner duringthe up stroke, and the hammer returns again upon the anvil, after having risen only a short distance above it. The inclined plane f, although it forces the valve to reverse during the 'up stroke, has no effect upon it during the down stroke, and the valve descends hyits oii'n gravity, together with that of the links.

Thisdescent is slightly retarded by the counterbalaucing of the parts, so that the hammer reaches the iron ou the anvil, driven by the top steam, with great violence, before the slowly-descending valve has had time to open the lower port to live steam, causing what is called a dead blow. If required, the descent of the valve may be further retarded by friction ap- Vplied to the valve-rod or luks, or other moving parts,

or hya spring or air-eushion, or its equivalent.

Fig. 7 of the drawing shows the hand-lever nearly at the upper end of its guide-bar, which shorteus the connecting-rod, drawing down the valvo so as to confine the motion of the piston to the upper part of the' cylinder, by'causing the valvejo reverse when the piston has descended a very short distance, as shown by the red lines. If the hund-lever is pushed to the extremity of the guide-bar, the valve will not open at all to top steam, and the hammer will remain suspended at the top of its stroke. If, on the contrary', it be pushed down to the' very bottom of guide-bar, the valve cannot open to bottom steam, but will remain held down upon the anvil by the pressure of the top steam. i l

There are other methods of thus varyingthe position of the valve with relation to the piston. This one is known as Tapnett and lValkeiJs, while' others,

would do the same.

There are also other ways of making balanced valves.

lation to .the hammer-frame, substantially as described, that .is to say, so that the lateral faces of said hammer face of the hammer-frame.

2. A. slide-valve, operated downwardly by gravity, combined with the nclinefou the side of hammer A. and loosely pivoted lever E, having its .curved cud d iu const-ant contact with the hammer-face, whereby the slide-valve is first raised. to the height required, and then, in its fall, retarded, to prevent the steam .induction-inlet from being opened before the hammer has reached the point desired, ali as shown aud described.

. OSCAR C. FERRIS. EREDK. B. MILES. \Vituesses z R. P. MCCALL, ltonr. INGRAM.

such as Morrisons, Davys, VVIIIams, Sellcrs, &c.,

None of these, matters, however, has anything to do with our invention, which connes itself, (so far as the 1. The arrangement of the hammer and anvilin reand anvil shall lie in planesl obliqueto the plane ofthe 

